Ī number of historic trams can be seen at Luxembourg City's tram and bus museum located on Rue de Bouillon in Hollerich. The country's other tram network designated Tramways Intercommunaux du Canton d'Esch served Esch-sur-Alzette and its surroundings from 1927 to 1956. The last tram ran on the line to Beggen on 5 September 1964. Several lines were closed at the beginning of the 1960s as buses replaced the trams. It was extended to various parts of the city until 1930 when the network covered 31 km. The original track followed a route from Luxembourg railway station through the city centre to Limpertsberg. Luxembourg's first horse-drawn tram line began operations in 1875 running through Luxembourg City along a 10 km line. The last of the first generation of tramways in Luxembourg, seen here in 1964. To cope with a 3.6 km (2.2 mi) gap in the 750v DC catenary between "Rout Bréck - Pafendall" tram stop in Kirchberg (about 160 m (520 ft) east of Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge) and the central railway station, the trams use CAF's ACR system. They are 45 m (148 ft) long, 2.65 m (8 ft 8 in) wide, 3.6 m (12 ft) high, with 75 seats and able to carry up to 422 passengers at a top speed of 70 km/h (43 mph). Twenty-one CAF Urbos trams were delivered in 2017, with a further twelve ordered in 2018. In conjunction, plans were announced to expand the network, with the creation of additional lines connected to T1 within, and in proximity to, Luxembourg City, serving amongst other areas, the planned Laangfur residential district in Kirchberg, via Boulevard Konrad Adenauer, as well as, via a revamped Place de l'Étoile interchange and Route d'Arlon, Strassen. Trams would be expected to reach speeds of up to 100 km/h when travelling through rural sections of the route. In October 2020, the Minister for Sustainable Development and Infrastructure, François Bausch, presented detailed plans, of an initiative first announced in June 2018, for a future tramline, extending off the T1 line, alongside the A4 motorway to the north of Luxembourg's second most populous city, Esch-sur-Alzette, by 2028, and to the Belval quarter of the city, including the University of Luxembourg Belval campus, by 2035. The final phase of the route, to be completed by the end of 2024, will extend the line eastwards from the tram depot on the edge of Kirchberg to Senningerberg before terminating at Luxembourg Airport. The fitfh phase of the route, will, by Spring 2024, extend southwestwards from Bonnevoie, via the new Howald station to the new business district in Cloche d'Or, Gasperich, before terminating at Luxembourg's new national stadium. In operation as of 11 September 2022, the fourth phase extended the line from the central station to Bonnevoie. Work to widen and re-enforce the Adolphe Bridge, first opened in 1903, to accommodate the tramway was completed in July 2017, with a new cycle and pedestrian lane suspended beneath the existing bridge. Opening on 13 December 2020, the third phase saw the line extend into the historical Ville Haute quarter, across the Adolphe Bridge, along the Avenue de la Liberté, before terminating at Luxembourg railway station for interchanges between national and international heavy rail services. The second phase opened on 27 July 2018 it extended tram services across the Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge to Place de l'Étoile in the Limpertsberg quarter. Here, a new funicular railway was opened on the same date allowing passengers to descend to Pfaffenthal-Kirchberg railway station for access to national and international heavy rail services running through the Pfaffenthal valley. Kennedy, past the European district, the location of many EU institutions, before terminating at the Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge. On 10 December 2017, the first phase of the route opened with trams running from the depot, along Avenue John F. Trams provided by the Spanish company CAF began trials on the first phase of the route in July 2017. The tramline, when fully operational, will have 24 stations connected by 16 km of tracks and have a capacity of 10,000 passengers per hour in each direction. Construction work begun on a new tram depot on the edge of the Grünewald Forest and the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City in January 2015, with the first tracks of the T1 tramline being laid in July 2016. Luxembourg is in the process of reintroducing trams to its transport infrastructure.
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